Displacement-Based Earthquake Loss Assessment: Method Development and Application to Turkish Building Stock

In this report, the originally proposed Displacement-Based Earthquake Loss Assessment (DBELA) methodology has been further verified and calibrated by carrying out a number of structural analyses on case study buildings and frames from the existing European building stock, and in particular from Turkish buildings. The behaviour of real structures has been investigated in detail. The following additional developments have been covered in this report: • Failure mechanisms and displacement capacities of the most characteristic buildings which consist of more than 90% of the overall stock have been defined. • The effect of infill panels on the overall response of investigated buildings has been examined. • Dual (frame-wall) buildings and reinforced concrete structures with embedded beams have also been included in the methodology. • The method has also been extended to include different types of Turkish masonry structures constructed with concrete and timber slabs. • Several uncertainties have been examined qualitatively. Major uncertainties have been quantified and included in the demand and capacity formulations of the method. Within the scope of this report, DBELA has been further calibrated to the Turkish building stock following the collection of a large database of structural characteristics of buildings from the northern Marmara Region. Damage ratios relating cost of repair to cost of replacement for slight, moderate, extensive and complete damage for reinforced concrete buildings have also been obtained for the Turkish building stock. Preliminary loss assessment calculations for the city of Istanbul and vicinity have been provided based on a single scenario earthquake. Both pre- and post-event loss assessment calculations have been provided based on two different scenario earthquakes. The results are presented in terms of social losses and economic losses. Uncertainties of the application have also been discussed. Finally, the influence of geographical resolution of urban exposure data has been examined in detail.